• br STAR Methods br Microenvironmental niches for

  2020-01-15

  

  STAR★Methods Microenvironmental niches for naïve and activated B cells Secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, are structurally and functionally compartmentalized to provide a set of microenvironmental niches that support the survival of resting B cells, as well as the a

• br Introduction Type Diabetes mellitus T DM is a

  2020-01-15

  

  Introduction Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that raises blood glucose level for a prolonged time. T2DM is associated with acute complications like ketoacidosis, hyposmolar coma, chronic complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to

• br Acknowledgments Grant support was provided by

  2020-01-15

  

  Acknowledgments Grant support was provided by the Leading Academic Discipline Projects of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (J5028) (J50201) to Dr. Mi, the China National Science Foundation Project (81072076) to Dr. Mi, the China National Science Foundation Project (31000349) to Dr. Shen, a

• Autophagy alterations are frequently reported as

  2020-01-15

  

  Autophagy alterations are frequently reported as one of the pathological mechanisms contributing to neurodegenerative diseases, due to incomplete removal of protein h89 in the brain [30,41]. It was over a decade ago when mutations in PARK8 encoding for the LRRK2 protein were described as a main gene

• Having generated synthetic cytokines and synthetic

  2020-01-15

  

  Having generated synthetic cytokines and synthetic cytokine receptors, the logical next step has been to design fully synthetic cytokine/cytokine receptor systems, modifying either cytokine/cytokine receptor binding interfaces or cytokine-unrelated combinations of substances and their binding domain

• The role of ARA cyp metabolites in the

  2020-01-15

  

  The role of ARA-cyp450 metabolites in the liver is still unclear [44]. However, ARA-cyp450 genes metabolize other fatty acids such lauric and palmitic alizarin [45]. It was found that decreased cyp4a expression caused fatty livers through reduction of fatty acid metabolism [46]. In this study, we f

• We next examined the effects

  2020-01-15

  

  We next examined the effects of substituents around the carboxylic JLK 6 moiety on CRTH2 binding (Table 4). The carboxylic acid moiety shared by the representative CRTH2 antagonists and is essential for the CRTH2 activity. Germinal dimethylation of the methylene moiety next to the carboxylic acid r

• Data from our in vitro studies

  2020-01-15

  

  Data from our in vitro studies using BEAS-2B cells showed a biphasic response of cells to NNK. The initial phase of decrease in CRM1 expression in NNK-exposed cells was observed in our previous study. In this study, we further showed that p-p53 (Thr55) expression was also decreased during this initi

• Introduction Since the recognition of AIDS in more than thir

  2020-01-15

  

  Introduction Since the recognition of AIDS in 1981 more than thirty-five years ago, nearly 70 million individuals have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) and roughly half have died (http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2016/AIDS-by-the-numbers). Although the introd

• An ideal CHK inhibitor would be minimally cytotoxic

  2020-01-15

  

  An ideal CHK-1 inhibitor would be minimally cytotoxic, while enhancing the anti-tumor effect of a real cytotoxic agent that would be used in combination with the inhibitor. Our CHK-1 inhibitors have shown excellent selectivity over a panel of kinases including those regulating the cell cycle, but th

• br In addition to the classic nuclear genomic action estroge

  2020-01-15

  

  In addition to the classic nuclear genomic action, estrogens have been found to induce rapid effects occurring within minutes following administration. These effects are mediated through a subpopulation of estrogen receptors associated with the plasma membrane, a process usually termed “membrane-i

• Among the members of the GH family which groups

  2020-01-15

  

  Among the members of the GH106 family, which groups 319 different sequences, a single 3D-structure has been reported, the BT0986 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron that shows a (β/α)8 barrel and catalyzes the hydrolysis of an α-l-rhamnopyranoside bound to the C2 position of an arabinofuranoside (L-Rh

• MnTBAP Chloride sale Enhanced oxidative stress has been

  2020-01-15

  

  Enhanced oxidative stress has been suggested as the critical mechanisms of IS-produced muscle damage [41,42]. NAC as a direct reactive oxygen species ROS scavenger is frequently discussed in the clinical trials of radiocontrast-induced AKI prevention [43]. Despite some supportive epidemiological da

• br Physiological roles for EPAC isoforms vascular

  2020-01-15

  

  Physiological roles for EPAC isoforms: vascular function The effects of cAMP on limiting vascular endothelial cell (VEC) inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation have been well documented 36, 37, 38. However, recent work has demonstrated that several key effects of cAMP i

• br The amygdala complex The amygdala

  2020-01-14

  

  The amygdala complex The amygdala complex is composed of distinct nuclei and subdivisions including the lateral (LA), basolateral (BL), and basomedial (BM) amygdala; the medial (Imp), lateral paracapsular (lpc), and main intercalated cell cluster (IN); and the lateral and medialcentral amygdala (

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